Much like the other main cities in Poland, Gdansk has a turbulent history that has influenced and shaped Poland into what it is today.
As one of the oldest cities in
Poland, Gdansk has changed hands several times over the centuries, first under the
rule of the State of the Teutonic Knights and then Prussia and then Germany. Funnily, however, the city feels almost Dutch,
obviously strongly influenced by extensive trading with the Netherlands in the
1500/1600s.
After WWI, Gdansk actually gained independence as the Free
City of Danzig and fell under the protection of the League of Nations. Its majority German population, however, made
Gdansk a key target for the Germans and Hitler used the city's status as a
pretext for attacking Poland in May of 1939.
The German attack of the Polish Post Office in Gdansk was said to have been the
official launch of war against Poland.
After WWII, the city was made part of Poland once again and the German
population either fled or were expelled back to Germany.
Of course, now part of Poland, Gdansk fell under the communist rule of the USSR.
Polish life under Communist rule was hard. For so many reasons. Food was in short supply and other
home conveniences even more so. Our tour
guide, who grew up during the Communist era, talked about how toilet paper, in particular, was almost impossible to get. If someone was lucky enough to find some, they would
wear the rolls around their neck like a necklace. She also recounted that she was
one of the luckier children – because her father was in the Navy and thus earned some US
dollars on occasion, her family could afford to buy her a pair of Levi's jeans every other year for her birthday.
Due to its role as a seaport, Gdansk played a prominent
economic role during Communist times. It also played a pivotal political role as well, credited with launching the Solidarity Movement which ultimately led to
Poland becoming the first country to to free itself from Communist rule.
The Solidarity Movement officially launched on September 17th,
1980 at the Lenin Shipyard, after the firing of a crane operator led to a
shipyard-wide protest that gained international attention. An agreement
negotiated by Lech Walesa (on behalf of the workers) and the government, saw Solidarnosc (the Solidarity Union) become the first trade union in Poland that was not Communist-led. Within a year, the Union reached 9.5 million members,
which constituted one third of the total working-age population of Poland.
The Communist government attempted to destroy the Union by imposing 2
years of martial law but the movement proved too powerful. Eventually, the
government relented and even allowed for semi-free elections in 1989.
Impressive political tactics, which included Lech Walesa
posing for photographs with each of the Union's candidates, proved incredibly
successful and, in December 1990, Walesa was elected the President of Poland. Communism in Poland was over.